parasequence

parasequence set

progradation

sequence

regression

regressive surface of erosion

regressive systems tract

transgression

transgressive surface

transgressive systems tract

Walthers Law

Two-sided Clastic and Carbonate Fill of a Sedimentary Basin

The demarcation line between carbonate coast and marine carbonate depositional setting as illustrated in the Figure below.


At the shore the sediments may be beaches, dunes, or carbonate tidal flat parasequences of the shore are identified by the vertical associations generated by tidal flats, and beaches. For instance the beach association shown below is applicable to the carbonate outcrop exercises that are focused on the shoreline expressed by high frequency carbonate parasequences.

The vertical section a carbonate beach sediment expresses Walther's Law ("Facies adjacent to one another in a continuous vertical sequence also accumulated adjacent to one another laterally"). This association is used in conjunction with stacking patterns of sediments and their associated sedimentary structures to interpret and so determine the depositional setting of the these clastic sediments. Similar associations are associated with clastics.


































As indicated the figure above is applicable to the carbonate Outcrop Exercises on high frequency carbonate parasequences. Note the hierarchy of sedimentary structures and their association, from seaward to landward, with the different depositional systems.  These are not too different from the clastic shoreline of Coe et al, (2003).

However this association for the immediate offshore UAE can be represented in the areas to the lea of the shore butidal flat.  See block diagram below.

In the past in the Lower Jurassic of Kuwait,  for instance, the  lagoonal facies may terminate the fill of the shoreline sections.  See below.


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